Some Important To Know

1. Different between ntfs & fat

" Fat stands for File Allocation Table

" There are two categories in Fat File System

o Fat 16

o Fat 32

" In Fat Up To Folder Level Security is available

" Compression Option is not available

" Encryption Option is not available

" Disk Quota Option is not Available

" FAT Supported By All Of The Microsoft Based Operating 

System

NTFS

" NTFS stands for New Technology File System

" There are three categories in NTFS file System

o NTFS 4.0 - NT O/S

o NTFS 5.0 - 2000 O/S

o NTFS 6.0 - 2003O/S

" In NTFS Up-to File Level Security is available

" Compression Option is available

" Encryption Option is available

" Disk Quota Option is Available

" NTFS Supported By only Limited Microsoft Based Operating 

System

2. Difference between cdma and gsm

GSM is a Global Syatem For Mobile Communication. 

GSM Operates 3 bands, 1) GSM 900 2) GSM 1800 and 3) GSM 

1900. 

GSM 900 & GSM 1800 are used in india, But, GSM 1900 used in 

USA.

GSM and CDMA techniques can be explained with an example,

suppose there are 10 persons in a room and they want to

communicate with each other .How can they communicate?

First method:One persons speaks at one time that means we

have provided a definite time interval to that person.-GSM

Second method :all the peers  speak at a time in a different

language which we call as CDMA

CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access and GSM 

stands for Global system for Mobile Communication. 

In CDMA phones the software is integral with the phone 

instrument and in the case of GSM phones it is through the 

SIM Card.

CDMA phone instruments are dedicated to the service 

provider. GSM phone instruments are portable across service 

providers through SIM cards.

 

Syntax

Usage: shutdown [-i | -l | -s | -r | -a] [-f] [-m \\computername] [-t xx] [-c "comment"] [-d up:xx:yy]

No args	Display this message (same as -?)
-i	Display GUI interface, must be the first option
-l	Log off (cannot be used with -m option)
-s	Shutdown the computer
-r	Shutdown and restart the computer
-a	Abort a system shutdown
-m \\computername	Remote computer to shutdown/restart/abort
-t xx	Set timeout for shutdown to xx seconds
-c "comment"	Shutdown comment (maximum of 127 characters)
-f	Forces running applications to close without warning
-d [u] [p]:xx:yy	The reason code for the shutdown u is the user code p is a planned shutdown code xx is the major reason code (positive integer less than 256) yy is the minor reason code (positive integer less than 65536)

Examples

shutdown -r -c "Rebooting for latest updates."

This would display a Windows System Shutdown window for 30 seconds, warning the user that the computer is going to shutdown and then restart the computer.

shutdown -i

Ran from either the command line or from the Windows run line this option would open the remote shutdown dialog Window. See document CH001052 for additional information and an example of this window.